Below are the 20 most recent journal entries recorded in Step bolts' Blurty:

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Thursday, January 5th, 2012
4:51 pm	SMO Greenville of North Carolina ASMO Greenville of North Carolina is a world leader in the manufacture of electric motors and systems for the automotive market. We are a global company that can provide a challenging environment and growth opportunities. Due to continued growth, we have the following openings in our organization. SR. DIE CASTING TEAM LEADER Two-year technical degree, Die Casting experience and a minimum of two years manufacturing supervisory experience required. Must have excellent human relations skills along with a strong aptitude for troubleshooting and electrical/mechanical knowledge. MACHINE MAINTENANCE TECHNICIAN - 2nd shift Two-Tear technical degree required. One to three years experience in AC/DC voltage and in industrial maintenance required. These positions will troubleshoot, repair and maintain automated production machines through programming, calibration, adjustment, and design change to insure quality, safety, and cycle time of the machines in compliance with the Quality Management System. PRODUCTION MANAGER Requires a 5-7 years experience in a manufacturing environment with previous supervisory experience. A related college degree is required. Must be able to maintain 100% on-time delivery with targeted rate of operation and capacity through preventative and improvement maintenance of production equipment. Achieve quality level, productivity and production cost through continuous improvement activities of production process. Take immediate countermeasures against abnormalities through adequate investigation and instructing production personnel. PRODUCTION MANUFACTURING TECHNICIANS - 2nd & 3rd shifts & 12 hr shifts Two-year technical degree and 3 years experience with automated machinery, preferred. Will consider 5 years automated machinery experience without a degree. Must have Electrical & mechanical background. Must be able to set-up, change tools, operate machines, & perform quality checks. Must assist in the repair, adjustments and preventative maintenance on the machines. This position also requires strong troubleshooting skills. PRODUCTION MANUFACTURING TEAM LEADER - 2nd & 3rd shifts Two-year technical degree and a minimum of two years manufacturing supervisory experience required. Must have excellent human relations skills along with a strong aptitude for troubleshooting and electrical/mechanical knowledge.Eyelet Machine PRODUCTION ENGINEERING ASSISTANT MANAGER 4-year degree(Engineering field) and 5-10 years previous experience in an automotive production/manufacturing facility required. Must be able to communicate problems/processes in both oral/written formats. Must have investigative and analytical skills to evaluate and make recommendations and working knowledge of all standard engineering principles PRODUCTION ENGINEER Requires a 4-year degree with 3-5 years previous experience in a production automotive facility. Must have hands on, mechanical background, responsible for researching, developing, planning and directing long-term manufacturing capability and improvement projects; also, continuous improvement of existing manufacturing equipment and processes. Cast steel ASMO Greenville offers a competitive benefit package including major medical and 401K. Please submit your resume along with salary history and CRC test scores in confidence, to the address below.
Monday, December 26th, 2011
10:40 am	Reducing piping support structure holding the heat exchanger shell-side field synergy analysis Vertical flow heat exchanger widely used as a heat exchanger. As the fluid flow in the shell longitudinally, the shell of the pressure drop lower than the baffle, integrated performance advantages of higher than the baffle, the heat exchanger has good development prospects. Existing bar gate bearing rod baffle heat exchanger are also some shortcomings, mainly in the following areas [1,2]: ¢Ù only at high Reynolds number in order to obtain high efficiency, low in the shell-Ray under low Reynolds number heat transfer efficiency, and sometimes even lower than the baffle heat exchanger; ¢Ú shell heat exchanger longitudinal flow of traffic fluctuations, especially in the case of flow dump pipe flow shortage, resulting in significant heat transfer coefficient reduced; ¢Û Rod Baffle arrangement for the convenience of the general rod baffle heat exchanger are used a large square or triangular spacing fabric tube, this structure will result in heat exchanger tube loose piping, heat exchanger diameter increases, the shell process flow to reduce, not conducive to improving the shell-side heat transfer coefficient. In this paper, the aforementioned lack of heat exchangers, shell-side heat transfer coefficient to increase, increase the heat transfer area as a starting point, made a new holding structure reducer piping heat exchanger [3]. Carried out using cell flow and heat transfer in shell-side flow field of three-dimensional numerical simulation, and application of field synergy principle and field synergy on the shell side of the state were analyzed. The field synergy principle applied to evaluate the performance of the new holding structure among the complex structure of longitudinal flow heat exchanger shell velocity - temperature gradient vector angle between the proposed method of calculation. 2 The basic model and methods of field synergy 2.1 Reducing the heat exchanger piping clamp structure Pipe Clamp The three main types of heat transfer through: improved heat transfer coefficient, heat transfer area to expand and increase the heat transfer temperature difference. Reducing new piping support structure is to increase heat transfer area, based on further improving the heat transfer coefficient. Reducing the vertical flow tubes clamp shell heat exchanger (Figure 1) the main features are: from the baffle gate baffle ring and connected to the baffle ring spaced groups of flat steel with a composition; flat with support large and small diameter tubes, welded baffle ring rod holes. By changing the structure of the new support, you can achieve the following objectives [4]: 30% increase in heat transfer area; get a good flow distribution, the formation of long-range longitudinal vortex, effectively thinning the tube boundary layer; shell-side fluid flow was vertical, local The holding structure with a jet, to change the shell flow field and temperature field synergy between the small increase in pressure drop the case, to improve the shell under low Reynolds number in fluid heat transfer efficiency, than the average longitudinal flow shell heat exchanger increased by 20%.Pipe Clamp 2.2 Convection heat transfer field synergy principle "Field synergy" theory is over by Yuan [5] proposed a completely different with the traditional method of enhancement technology, namely, by improving the fluid velocity field and temperature field synergy degree of enhancement of heat transfer, the "field synergy" theory. "Field synergy" theory of laminar convective heat transfer from the energy equation [5], the energy equation in the match as the internal convective heat flow in the boundary layer type analysis of the energy equation; by the heat equation points within the boundary layer is proposed to promote heat transfer enhancement of three ways: 1 increase the Reynolds number (Re);2 increased Prandtl number (Pr), change the physical properties of the flowing medium; 3 increasing the value of the dimensionless integral Casting Machines 3 computational model and experimental verification 3.1 Calculation Model Due to the current computer hardware and software limitations, accurate simulation of the heat exchanger as a whole is far from difficult. Wang calibration and other studies using the "flow cell" approach to establish the calculation model can solve the vertical flow heat exchanger shell numerical simulation of flow and heat transfer [6]. Clamping structure has the traditional rod baffle heat exchanger similar to the characteristics of the cycle, so cycle model used to characterize the fully developed flow field characteristics. Based on the periodic unit flow model to Figure 1, shown as the basic unit of the shaded cross-section, taken along the flow direction of a geometric cycle model (Figure 2).This model used the momentum and energy equations are second-order upwind discretization scheme, the pressure-velocity coupling the SIMPLE algorithm. As a result of variable non-linear relationship between the strong, iterative selection-relaxation method. Flow channels in cell cycle of iterative solution. Computational domain to take the entire unit flow, the grid number of 5.2 ¡Á 10 5, along the flow direction of the standard grid and non-uniform grid block division, local refinement refined. Boundary conditions: for a given mass flow rate cycle model imports and temperature; wall temperature is constant, non-penetration and no-slip conditions. Model includes a heat exchanger shell-side flow, Re varied from 1 000 to 15 000, covering the common shell-flow velocity and diameter composite structures of different sizes. 3.2 Experimental setup Reducing experimental device is a clamp-type heat exchanger piping, internal diameter of 147 mm, large pipe diameter 19 mm, small tube diameter of 14 mm, baffle grid spacing of 100 ~ 200 mm; shell-work media the air, the working medium for the over-tube of water vapor in order to ensure a constant wall temperature. Experimental setup shown in Figure 3. 3.3 Result Analysis Table 1 is part of the heat transfer and pressure drop data. As can be seen from Table 1, calculated results and experimental values or less, the maximum difference of 6.7% in heat transfer; pressure drop difference between the more, the maximum difference of 11.8%. The main reason for the discrepancy between the experimental model analysis of small, and the "flow cell" hypothesis more different conditions. According to the laboratory analysis of the accumulation of industrial data, the experimental model due to the size and impact of imports and exports, the possible maximum error of 5.6% drop, heat transfer error can be ignored; Therefore, the experimental device has a high experimental accuracy. The numerical simulation results were compared with experimental results, numerical simulation has a higher accuracy, can be used in different-diameter pipe clamp structure of the shell fabric heat transfer and flow forecasts. 4 Results and analysis of field synergy This article uses the cell flow model, the influence of boundary layer heat transfer performance at the main analysis, the use of the energy equation and the boundary layer equations derived in the holding structure in the horizontal straight pipe and the convergence of the first two parts of the velocity and temperature gradient field synergies. In the two-dimensional incompressible fluid flow, ignoring the longitudinal heat conduction, the energy equation Using the FLUENT software on the shell side of the clamp structure simulation, to obtain any point within the shell fluid flow rate, size, direction and distribution of information, and can be vectors, contour maps and other graphic displays. In this paper the boundary conditions: medium is air; mass flow rate of 0.020 kg / s; Re of 3853; baffle grid spacing of 50 mm. Clamping structure extraction unit shell-side flow and temperature fields of information for analysis. Figure 4 shows the fluid flow through the baffle element in time, will produce vortex behind the baffle element. Figure 5 point A in Figure 4 enlarged map, you can clearly see, because the presence of reflux, the rate of recirculation zone with the main area opposite direction; fluid level in the straight pipe through the next baffle element when the fluid will after a convergence stage, flow, flow rate changes. These kinds of, Rex, x Nu, Pr, respectively, the average Reynolds number along the tube length, the average Nusselt number, Prandtl number. To simplify calculations, engineering calculations desirable average flow Reynolds number and average Nusselt number. As can be seen from the above derivation, the boundary layer heat transfer tubes in the middle of the analysis, the rear of the baffle straight pipe gate play a major role in heat transfer, and its diffuser field synergy angle ¦Â <¦Â level of straight pipe, we can see in accounts for the main heat diffuser portion of the best heat transfer; clamping structure which is a major reason for enhanced heat transfer. This conclusion and the flow field, temperature field analysis is consistent; other tubes have similar conclusions. Figure 6 is through the development of custom programs to extract the speed - temperature gradient field synergy angle cloud. In order to obtain a clear display of the results, the angle shows the range of 75 ¡ã ~ 110 ¡ã, other angles are not shown. For x = 0 cross section, from the figure we can clearly see that in the back near the baffle element, speed - a large temperature gradient field synergy angle, heat transfer is poor (more than 90 ¡ã). This part is extremely small, does not affect the heat transfer. Over this period, the field synergy between the good, the area has good heat transfer performance; With the development of flow and thermal boundary layer development, field synergy gradually worse, until the next baffle element. This is consistent with the conclusions derived earlier, but also with the flow field, temperature field analysis is consistent. The figure also clearly shows the clamping structure for enhanced heat transfer irreplaceable role. From the launch of two regional co-angle formulas, you can analyze hatched side of the flow field synergy angle ¦Â with the variation of Re. As Re increases, the shell side of the mean flow field synergy angle ¦Â has increased. 5 Conclusion In this paper, the establishment of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) "unit flow channel" model, the structure of different-diameter piping, heat exchanger shell side of the clamp single-phase turbulent flow in the flow field, temperature field coupled three-dimensional numerical simulation. Confirmed by experimental comparison: (1) numerical simulation of the model to accurately reflect changes in the shell-side flow and heat transfer laws. (2) confirmed the structure of different-diameter piping is an excellent gripping longitudinal flow of the supporting structure. (3) the method by numerical simulation analysis of the velocity vector and temperature gradient vector and the angle between the two fluid heat transfer capability of the role, structure of shell-derived field synergy grip angle formula, confirmed the structure with more good market synergies. This method is also suitable for other similar studies. References: [1] Qi-Wu Dong, Jin-Xing Wu, Min-Shan Liu, etc. support plate heat exchanger shell Numerical prediction [J]. Pressure vessel, 2003,20 (8): 4-7. [2] Dong Qi-wu, Liu Min-shan, Zhao Xiao-dong.Research on the Characteristic of Shellside Support Structures of Heat Exchanger with Longitudinal Flow of Shellside Fluid [J]. IASME Transaction, 2005,2 (8): 1491 ~ 1498.
Monday, December 5th, 2011
9:11 am	A Ten Point Check List for the Over 100,000-Mile Vehicle AutoMD.com's Top Tips for Keeping High Mileage Cars Safe and Running on Winter Roads CARSON, Calif., Dec. 1, 2011 /PRNewswire/ -- As the winter driving season kicks into gear, more high mileage vehicles are hitting the road than ever before. A report(1) from AutoMD.com reveals that the majority of car owners surveyed plan to hold onto their cars well past the 150,000 mile mark, and nearly 8 in 10 are planning to drive up to or over 50,000 more miles than they put on their previous vehicle. Plus, the average age of a vehicle in the US is a record 11 years! (2) Fortunately, most cars on the roads today, even the high-mileage ones, have been built to last longer and withstand the test of time – and weather – provided they receive the proper care. This is especially important during the winter months when cold weather can take a toll on older vehicles. "As drivers take to the roads this holiday season, we want to remind them to properly winterize their vehicles so that they don't find themselves stranded on a snowy roadside," said Brian Hafer, VP Marketing at AutoMD.com. "We encourage all drivers – especially those with older vehicles – to put their rides through AutoMD.com's ten point winter travel vehicle checklist. Simple maintenance can help lengthen vehicle life in the face of challenging weather, prevent an unexpected visit to the repair shop and costly repairs, and, importantly, ensure that car owners arrive at their winter destinations safe and sound." Timing Belts AutoMD.com's Holiday Travel Winterizing Check List for Older Vehicles Check the antifreeze (coolant). The engine cooling system should be filled with a 50/50 mixture of antifreeze and distilled water to prevent freezing and boiling over. Antifreeze testers are available at your local auto parts store to test the mixture. To keep the cooling system operating at peak performance, follow the manufacturer's recommendations for changing the antifreeze (flush and fill). In addition to changing the antifreeze, pressure testing the cooling system on an older vehicle may expose a minor leak before it becomes a major problem. Most repair shops charge a minimal fee for pressure testing, and some shops will do it for free. Change the engine oil. Be especially meticulous about changing your car's fluids and filters during the winter months. Your car's older engine will thank you for it! Remember to change the oil and oil filter every 3,000 to 5,000 miles. Use the recommended oil viscosity range for winter. 5W-30 motor oil flows quicker in cold weather than 20W-50. Most vehicle manufacturers recommend 5W-30 oil for year round protection. Check the tires. Keep your vehicle riding smoothly and safely by maintaining your tires! Remember, there's a very good chance a third set of tires is needed if your vehicle has reached the 80 to 90,000 mile mark. Tires that are unevenly worn or out of balance can cause a car to pull or shake when driven, potentially damaging other components. Remember to rotate and balance your tires every other oil change; regularly check for uneven wear and try to keep them clean. Tires should be properly inflated, and the tread depth should be at least 4/32". Using snow tires can improve traction over all-season tires. Check the battery. Cold temperatures can reduce the battery's power. If the battery is older than four years, it may be time to replace it. Check the battery tray and hold down brackets for corrosion – a common problem on older vehicles.Inflatable toy Check the belts and hoses. If your vehicle has a timing belt, it's very important to replace it at the recommended interval (60,000 miles or more). Cold weather can reduce the life expectancy of belts and hoses, so make sure yours are in good shape before getting on the road. A stretched timing belt affects engine performance, and a broken belt can leave you stranded. If you have an interference engine, a broken belt will also cause engine damage! Check the wipers and wiper fluid. Replace wipers that are old or worn, and (to prevent freezing) use windshield washer fluid instead of water. Just like the elderly, an aging vehicle needs clean glasses to see! Check the emergency kit. Make sure your kit is well stocked and add an ice scraper, tire chains, jumper cables, and warm clothes for winter weather emergencies. Remember to include a candle and matches, as well as some bottled water and energy bars. You can use a candle for light and warmth inside the vehicle if you get stranded. Check 4WD operation if equipped. Since you may not have used 4 Wheel Drive (4WD) all year, or in several years, make sure the 4WD is activated (review your manual on "how to activate") when you switch it on. Using 4WD improves traction in slippery conditions. Change your driving habits. Cars that are driven easy last longer. To prevent component wear and possible damage in very cold temperatures, warm up your car by driving it slowly to start. This will help the engine, transmission and other drive line components warm up with less stress. Avoid fast driving in general, hitting curbs, off-roading, and trailer towing as these can put unnecessary strain on your vehicle. Slow down and increase your following distance when driving in harsh weather. All vehicles lose traction in rain, snow and ice. Wash and wax your car. It is a good idea to get a good car wash and wax before heading out onto winter roads to protect your paint from road salt. And be sure to wash your car as soon as you return home, to remove any lingering road salt. As your vehicle ages, the paint/ finish becomes more vulnerable to the elements, which could lead to rust etc. so, if you can, keep your vehicle in the garage to protect it or consider a cover if you don't have a garage. (1) The AutoMD.com Mileage Survey was conducted in Q1 2011 among over 3,000 car owners: http://www.automd.com/about-automd/press/07-07-2011/ (2) Polk.com data cited in The Detroit News, 8/16/11. In 2010, the average was 11 years old: www.polk.com/company/news/polk_in_the_news_motorists_holding_on_to_cars_longer_in_uncertain_economy About AutoMD.com AutoMD.com™ (www.automd.com), a wholly-owned subsidiary of US Auto Parts Network, Inc., (Nasdaq: PRTS), is the most comprehensive and unbiased free online automotive repair resource designed to empower car owners with the best way to repair their vehicles. Backed by a team of automotive data specialists and certified auto mechanics who are advocates for the car owner, AutoMD.com allows both car owners and DIYers to 1. Troubleshoot car problems, 2. Know how much auto repairs should cost, 3. Understand the steps needed and the time it should take with How-to Auto Repair guides, 4. Find the right local auto repair shop at the right price for their issue, and 5. Get auto repair questions answered by the AutoMD.com community. AutoMD.com was named Best Automotive Website in the 8th annual American Business Awards, also known as the as the Stevie® Awards. AutoMD Mobile is available for the iPhone at iTunes.
Tuesday, June 14th, 2011
4:09 pm	How to Cut Steel With a Band Saw When cutting steel with a band saw, you need to use a .Band sawsdesigned for metal cutting. You cannot simply change the band saw blade to change a wood band saw to cut metal, as band saws designed to cut through steel need to move slower than a standard band saw. Beyond speed, heat builds up fast between the steel you are cutting and the blade of the band saw, and you need to add a coolant that keeps heat at bay and lubricates the cutting area.Bimetal BandSaw Blades , Band Saws For Metal Cutting , Band Saw Machine Instructions Things You'll Need: Length of steel Band saw designed to cut metal Tape measure Dry rags 1 Set the length of steel into the locking jaws of the band saw. 2 Lower the band saw so that it rests 1/4" above the highest point of the steel you need to cut. 3 Place the end of the tape measure against the band saw blade and measure along the steel. Make sure that you place the end of the tape measure against the band saw blade, not hooked to the blade, as this will cause your length to be 1/16" short. 4 Slide the end of the steel to the length on the tape measure that you need to cut the steel. 5 Lock the holding jaws in place to hold the steel and re-measure the steel to ensure that it is still resting at the proper length. Adjust the length if necessary and then re-lock the holding jaws of the band saw. 6 Check the level of the band saw coolant to ensure that it is full. 7 Turn on the band saw and start the band saw lowering. The slower you lower the band saw, the straighter the cut end of the steel. 8 Raise the band saw, release the band saw holding jaws and remove the cut steel from band saw bed. 9 Wipe the cut end of the steel with a dry rag to remove excess coolant from the cut end of the steel. Band saw ,BandSaw Blade ,BandSaw Blades , Band Saw Machine , Special purpose machine
9:49 am	613 Wheel Tractor-Scraper Caterpillar machines and products employ hydraulic systems for brakes and several other operations. Motors run the hydraulic systems to turn hydraulic flow and pressure into rotation and torque. The company's equipment line features more than 300 machines for heavy industrial construction, grading and other uses. Caterpillar manufactures and sells several sizes of gear-type, vane-type and piston-type pumps and motors. Hydraulic Motor , Hydraulic Motors , Hydraulic Winch , Planetary Gearbox 613 Wheel Tractor-Scraper The Caterpillar 613G is a Wheel Tractor-Scraper equipped with all-hydraulic brakes and other operations. At 37,229 lbs., its powered by a Cat C6.6 ATAAC engine and is used for clearing, cutting, filling and finishing grade earthwork. The machine's hydraulic specifications are a 101.6-mm bowl cylinder bore, a 419-mm bowl cylinder stroke, a 130-mm floor cylinder bore, a 624.8-mm floor cylinder stroke, an 88.9-mm ejector cylinder bore and a 914.4 ejector cylinder stroke. The steering circuit is 96 L/min, scraper circuit is 323 L/min, supplemental steering circuit is 16 L/min, and the relief valve is 2,756 psi. The relief valve, implement circuit, is 2,502 psi, and the compressor settings, elevator circuit, is 2,498.3 psi. The Caterpillar 613G's hydraulics control primary, secondary and tertiary braking without the need for an air system, according to the company. TH260B Telehandler The Caterpillar TH260B Telehandler uses a hydraulic quick coupler, "allowing the operator to quickly and easily change work tools without leaving the cab," according to Cat. The Cat Electro Hydraulic system allows three boom functions to operate simultaneously, for precise load placement in any condition. The continuous flow auxiliary hydraulic supply operates tools such as the pickup broom. Other Telehandler tools include pallet and block forks, a truss boom, a lift hook, a general purpose bucket and a material handling arm. The hydraulic system's maximum system pressure is 250 bar. Maximum pump flow is 113 L/min. The pump is variable displacement load sensing and is an axial piston pump. Service Caterpillar offers pump and motor service from technicians trained in the systems and Caterpillar Parts Reuse Guidelines, offering repair options, a commitment to contamination control and performance testing, according to the company. The company reseals, rebuilds, repairs or replaces gear, vane and piston pumps and motors. Hydraulic Motors , Planetary Reducer , Planetary Gearboxes ,planetary gear box , Right angle planetary gearbox
9:03 am	An American Craft Beer & Food Experience Weeklong Celebration Transforms D.C. into the Nation's Craft Beer Capital Boulder, CO • June 6, 2011-Once again, craft brewers from across the U.S. made their pilgrimage to the nation's capital to celebrate SAVOR Beer Week D.C., enjoy the benchmark of beer and food events and roll up their sleeves for a little old-fashioned politicking. The breadth of local events, SAVOR's rapidly growing popularity and the level of involvement from the craft brewing community once again demonstrated the industry's vitality and relevance. SAVOR Beer Week D.C. took over Washington for the week prior to and during SAVOR: An American Craft Beer & Food Experience, and it provided ample opportunity to sample beer from myriad craft brewers, local and well-travelled alike. SAVOR 2011 sold out faster than ever, but even those without tickets enjoyed great beer and food events, ranging from "Crabs and Crafts" to beer brunches and burgers. Washington D.C.'s craft beer scene is blossoming, with 17 brewers participating in over 40 events during SAVOR Beer Week D.C. With such an extensive build-up, expectations were high, and SAVOR delivered with a beer and food event that excited and amused attendees, including 42 different pairing dishes and 144 different craft beers from 72 small and independent craft brewers. In addition to the 144 craft beer and food pairings, attendees were treated to a variety of artisanal cheeses by American Cheese Society, including samples from Cypress Grove, Cowgirl Creamery and Point Reyes. Sushi rolls, chocolate truffles and oysters on the half shell rounded out the offerings and gave attendees the opportunity to create their own pairings. Photo © Brewers Association Download High Resolution Photo At the end of the night, attendees had the opportunity to bring a little bit of SAVOR home with them. Each received a bottle of "SAVOR Flowers," the first annual SAVOR collaboration beer, brewed by Boston Beer Company and Dogfish Head Craft Brewery. The beer was brewed using rose water in place of regular water, along with a tincture of hibiscus, lavender and jasmine flowers that was aged in Samuel Adams¡¯ Barrel One (the whiskey barrel Sam Adams first used to make its barrel-aged Triple Bock in the early 1990s). SAVOR Flowers was served during the event, and distributed as a parting gift. Organizers hope this will be the first of many collaboration beers celebrating SAVOR. While D.C. beer enthusiasts enjoyed a relaxed week of beer exploration, most craft brewers in attendance went to work on Friday with a "Hill Climb" to meet their Senators and Representatives. The Brewers Association (BA) is working to grow the House Small Brewers Caucus and to rally support for the Small BREW Act, which would recalibrate excise taxes for America's small brewers. The BA relies on the community of more than 1,700 craft brewers to help educate members of Congress and staff about small brewers and their unique contributions both locally and nationally. Friday's event was a success, with 39 brewery owners and 19 state guild leaders visiting offices in both the House of Representatives and Senate. "We were pleased to have 39 small brewers on Capitol Hill Friday to tell their small business stories and express their appreciation of Congressional representatives' support. It's not enough to just make great beer," explained Brewers Association President Charlie Papazian; "The story of small business success by today's 1,700+ American small brewing companies is a fascinating chapter in America's economic comeback. People, quality and mainstreet community involvement have been the themes of small brewers¡¯ success." Mini brewing equipment , Home brewing equipment The Brewers Association is the not-for-profit trade association dedicated to small and independent American brewers, their craft beers and the community of brewing enthusiasts. The Brewers Association (BA) represents more than 70 percent of the brewing industry, and its members make more than 99 percent of the beer brewed in the U.S. The BA organizes events including the World Beer Brewing, Great American Beer Festival®, Craft Brewers Conference and BrewExpo America®, SAVOR: An American Craft Beer & Food Experience and American Craft Beer Week. The BA publishes The New Brewer magazine and its Brewers Publications division is the largest publisher of contemporary and relevant brewing literature for today's craft brewers and homebrewers. Beer Brewing ,Brewing equipment , Micro brewing equipment Beer lovers are invited to learn more about the dynamic world of craft beer at ChinaBeerBrewing.com and about homebrewing via the BA's American Homebrewers Association. Follow us on Twitter. Beer Brewing Equipment , Distillation equipment
Monday, May 16th, 2011
11:18 am	Anoka to finish updating water meters across city Anoka will spend $530,000 upgrading more than half the water meters in the city. The city council has approved the money, which had not been included in the current year’s budget, to go at the replacement plan full speed ahead, rather than the gradual approach the city had been taking over the past several years. To date, more than 1,800 homes have been upgraded to have a radio-read water meter. All of the city’s electric meters have been upgraded to the new technology, which allows someone to connect remotely to the meter to determine how much of the utility has been used. “We would like to wrap it up and finish up the meters, about 2,220 of them,” said Finance Director Lori Yager. “These are generally older meters that need replacement anyway.” This is an entirely residential project. The staff time savings is relatively small – $35,000 annually – but more accurate billing could mean more revenues for this fund, according to Yager. “We really think we’re going to see an increase in water revenues,” said Yager. “Some of the water meters out there are really old. And as the water meters age they tend not to read the low flow very well at all. So you lose a lot of water revenues that way, sneaking through.” “We should be able to get down to doing our billing once a month.” Currently, meters are read in phases because of the time it takes, which means multiple shut-off times throughout the month, Yager said. “Our billing process will become much more efficient under this scenario,” she said. The lag time between a meter read and when a customer receives a bill will also be reduced. According to Yager, the project will be paid for by using a budgeted net income in the water fund of $537,000 projected in 2011. She is not predicting a water rate increase for the next five years, unless it is necessary for the city to build a new well, Yager said. To date, this has not been determined, but a decision is expected by the end of 2012. If a new well is needed, then a water rate increase will be required whether or not the radio-read meter project goes ahead, Yager said. It would also likely require the city to issue bonds to pay for that major project, she said. “We would not have money to pay for a new well, it’s about $4 million,” said Yager. The original proposal had been to fund the project half from the water fund and the other half from the sewer fund. But Yager has instead opted for the water fund to carry a project that the sewer fund will benefit from, because of past expenses borne by the sewer fund. Concerns But the meter replacement did raise concerns from Councilmember Jeff Weaver, who is worried about the compatibility of the new meters with older residential water systems made of galvanized lines, which can be brittle. “Who will be responsible if they break while they are changing these meters out?” asked Weaver. “What we have done in the past is if we run into a meter situation… if we get into one that we’re afraid to touch it… we will not change that meter out at that time,” said Public Works Superintendent Mark Anderson. “We’ll let the homeowner know they have a responsibility to upgrade that system so that we can go ahead and change that meter.” Anderson did say it has been met with some resistance in the past, but that is how the situation has been handled. Weaver said he is concerned the city is requiring homeowners to spend money they don’t have to upgrade aging water systems. Woltman Water Meter, Single Jet Water Meter, Multi Jet Water Meter,Piston (Volumetric) Water Meter, Heating Meter,Batch Control Meter “This isn’t new, we’ve been doing this. All we’re doing is more aggressively pursuing this,” said City Manager Tim Cruikshank. Anderson said this situation would likely involve the city shutting off the water at the curb stop and then the homeowner having a plumber in the house to install a new valve. That would give the city workers confidence in installing a new meter, he said. Two to 5 percent of these situations have come up in the past during the replacement of 1,800 meters, said Anderson. To date he has not seen any homeowners need an entirely new water service from the curb stop to the house, although Anderson said he couldn’t entirely rule out the possibility. There will be four to five installers canvassing an area at one time, with one licensed plumber among the group to deal with an emergency or problem, he said. “We have a fair amount of experience on these 1,800 because they would have been the worst and the oldest,” said Councilmember Steve Schmidt. Cruikshank said the city would continue to work with homeowners if the workers came across potentially difficult situations. “If you have a galvanized service and it is fragile and it is vulnerable, it probably isn’t an optimal situation, even now,” said Mayor Phil Rice. “You will need to be looking at some change in the future.” These systems date back to the 1940s. Anderson expects the meter installation project to take three to five months, he said. “We’re trying to get a handle on our billable water, which is revenue for us – to me it begs to be completed,” said Anderson.
Wednesday, April 13th, 2011
10:54 am	Three Main Types of the Hydraulic Motors Hydraulic motor is the mechanical component which is attached with the circuit, pump,Planetary Reducer valves, filters, hoses, metal tubing and other suitable parts. Without this attachment, hydraulic motor would fail to affect well at utilizing the pressure of the controlled fluid. In order to meet the specific equipments in plenty of industrial applications, Hydraulic Motor are designed and manufactured into three main categories. They are the gear motors, vane motors and piston motors. Although the general operating capacity is the same, they hold their own features respectively. Hydraulic Motor , Planetary Reducer , Planetary Gearboxes In terms of the gear motors, there are two types available. They are the internal and external types. For the former one, an output shaft and inner-outer gear set is placed inside. And the latter type is designed with a single housing within the matched gears. These two core parts of two main types are responsible for the through flow. Besides, vane motors are also popular among the market of various hydraulic motors. They are the ones to be constructed of a slotted rotor onto the driving shaft, just like the wings of the equipment. This type is designed to move to tight the ring of transitional ramps or sections in a radial direction. And the comprehensive balance of the equipment is kept by the grooves and holes during the whole operating process. Besides, the third main type of the hydraulic motors is called the piston motor. And there are two styles available for the practical use. They are the axial and radial piston motors. It means that the rotating way differs. Therefore, they are applied into two respective fields. For example, Right angle planetary gearbox adial piston motors are frequently applied into the vehicle and airplane engines, as well as some large equipment. In word, these types of the Hydraulic Motors are endeavoring to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the industrial development, leading the modern industry to a bright future.
Saturday, April 2nd, 2011
1:50 pm	Swagelok Ball Valves - All You Need to Know Swagelok produces top of the range Process, Instrumentation and Sanitary Ball Valves, in a range of materials and end connections. The specifications of Swagelok Ball Valves include a Working Pressure of up to 15 000 psig (1034 bar), Temperature adjustments from -65 - 850F (-53 to 454C), Flow Coefficient of up to 130, body Materials in stainless steel, carbon steel, brass, alloy 400, and special alloys, and End Connections sizes of 1/16 to 2 in (3-25mm). If necessary, Swagelok offers Swagelok Ball Valves manufactured or configured to the special needs of your applications. A Ball Valve, in the simplest terms, is a quarter turn valve used for controlling flow. It consists of a valve with a spherical disc - the sphere has a hole or port in the middle, and when this is in line with both ends of the valve, it creates a passageway so that the valve is open and flow can occur. When the ball or sphere is positioned with the hole or port perpendicular to the passageway, the passage is closed and fluid cannot pass through. Ball Valves are used where flow needs to be completely shut off - for instance in the shut-off valve for your water main line. Swagelok Valves are designed to be used in a fully open or fully closed position. Ball Valves are not recommended for use where fine control of the valve is needed. Ball Valves have many advantages over other types of valves. They are easy to use, easy to maintain and can regulate high-pressure, high-volume, and high flow of temperature. Because they are uncomplicated, sturdy, relatively low in price, Ball Valves tend to lend themselves to a long service life. Swagelok produces a full catalogue of all major Valves. Swagelok One-piece Instrumentation Valves have been used in a variety of industries for many years. hydraulic valves,Directional Valve,Directional Valves, solenoid valve, Flow Control Valves , Pressure relief valves Both the original Swagelok 40 series and the newer 40G series accommodate a wide range of actuator, flow path and handle options along with easy packaging adjustment while inline. Handle options are available to prevent unintentional valve operation, and Directional Name Plates are available to indicate the direction of flow. When considering a product, total system design must be taken into account to ensure safe, trouble-free performance. Swagelok General Purpose and Special Application Valves are available in a range of sizes and materials. The Flexing seat design of Swagelok Valves ensure a leak-tight seal in both low and high pressure systems. Swagelok Trunnion Valves feature compact, maximum flow design, low operating torque, 2- or 3- way flow patterns, panel mounting, as well as the availability of pneumatic and electric actuators, which are compact, lightweight and easily mountable. The Trunnion style ball prevents ball blowout and contributes to low operating torque. Swagelok also offers Alternative Fuel Service (AFS) Ball Valves for high-pressure, high flow applications. Options and accessories to this range include Handle Options, Handle Kits and Locking Brackets. Swagelok can provide complete actuated ball valve assemblies including valves, actuators, sensors, bracket kits, and solenoids. Maintenance Kits are also available and include Seat Seal Kits, and stem and Seat Seal Kits. Swagelok Multipurpose Ball Valves feature O-ring stem seals, directional handles, Spring-loaded PEEK seats, and a stainless steel floating ball which reduces wear and extends cycle life. Swagelok Medium-Pressure Valves offer innovative stem and end connections seal design which is patent pending. This ensures at full pressure rating throughout the entire operating temperature range, and reduces seal wear. A Positionable Handle with a unique stop disk provides flexibility in component layout, enabling reduced system footprint. Swagelok also offers Stainless Steel Valves for the Sanitary industries, conforming to a wide range of specifications - these products have stood the test of time, and have been relied upon for years. Swagelok Valves are available for every need, and backed by the Swagelok Limited Lifetime Guarantee.
Tuesday, March 29th, 2011
4:56 pm	Cardboard Boxes Cardboard boxes are not really made of cardboard but corrugated fiberboard. The first commercial cardboard box was produced in England in 1817 and in America in 1895. The major increase in use came when Kelloggs started using them for their flaked cereals. There is even a cardboard box museum in France called Musée du Cartonnage et de l'Imprimerie which means "Museum of the Cardboard Box" in Valréas where boxes where used since 1840 for transporting the Bombyx mori moth and its eggs from Japan to Europe by silk manufacturers. What are corrugated cardboard boxes made of? Corrugated cardboard consists of two layers, also called 'liners' and a corrugated central part called 'fluting' (deriving from the English word flute). The liner is manufactured from long fibres in order to make it strong and hard-wearing. The fluting is manufactured from short fibres in order to make it stiff and resistant to pressure. This is single wall, there is also double and triple wall corrugated cardboard. What can cardboard boxes be used for? Boxes are ideal for a number of uses including shipping products, as moving boxes for moving home, shipping items sold on eBay or other online auction sites. Cardboard boxes can also be used as a toy for children as they often love to use their imagination to portray the box as an infinite variety of objects. Ala: paper packaging , corrugated boxes , injection molded packaging , clamshells , clamshell packaging Are cardboard boxes bad for the environment? Most local authorities have schemes to collect cardboard and recycle the cardboard boxes, alternatively you can take your boxes to a local recycling bank. If you collect your cardboard to recycle in a cardboard box then you will not have to separate it later. Cardboard is also biodegradable and decomposes when sent to landfill unlike plastic.
4:48 pm	How to Accurately Measure the Length of Your Band Saw Blades For even the most organized craftsmen, it can be easy to lose or forget the length of your band saw blades. When the time comes around for the blade to be replaced, woodworkers often cringe at the thought of measuring these sharp-toothed giants. Fortunately though, with just a few quick and simple steps, a flat surface, a measuring tape and a marker, accurately measuring the length of your band saw blades is a surprisingly simple procedure. First, you will need a flat surface that is at least as long as the estimated length of the band saw blade. For this procedure, it is easier if said flat surface is at table or workbench height, but, as this is not always possible, you may also use the floor, a driveway, sidewalk, or etc. Hunan: Band saw ,BandSaw Blade ,BandSaw Blades , Bimetal BandSaw Blade, Once you have located your flat surface use a pencil or other marking instrument to indicate a starting point. Now, using a marker, clearly mark a starting point on the inside of the band saw blade as well. For this "starting point", I usually look for the weld line on the inside of the blade and boldly mark as my starting point. This avoids any "starting point" confusion later in the process. Now, place the starting point mark on your band saw blade directly over the starting point mark on your flat surface and begin to roll the blade forward. Keep the blade rolling as straight as possible (using a guide or traced line if necessary) to ensure accuracy and continue rolling until you reach the starting point marked on the band saw blade. Stop there and mark the flat surface directly beneath the weld/starting point mark on the blade. The new mark represents the end or finishing point on the flat surface and also indicates the end of a complete revolution of the saw blade. Set aside your saw blade and using a measuring tape measure the distance between the starting point and finishing point on the flat surface. This, as it is the distance of one complete revolution of the saw blade, will be the exact length of the band saw blade in question.
1:51 pm	Beer Brewing Kits - Coopers Beer Kits If you are curious about home beer brewing kits you've arrived at the right place! A beer brewing kit is an investment and if you're wondering how to pick one, read on.. When I decided to start making beer at home I did like most people do and I Googled beer brewing kits. When you do this you'll most likely come across the Mr Beer kit, The Beer Machine kit, you'll very likely come across several different versions of the Pale or bucket kits, and the Coopers Beer Brewing kit. I knew practically nothing about sanitation methods, how my beer was going to carbonate in the bottle, what wort was, or what I needed to do to get started. After doing a fair bit of researching the brewing kits I mentioned I quickly found out some basic similarities and differences. I realized when selecting a kit you need to decide the following: Beer Brewing ,Brewing equipments , Micro brewing equipment , Mini brewing equipment , Home brewing equipment ,Copper brewing equipment * Beer Brewing Batch Size - You basically have two choices when I comes to the amount of beer your going to brew at a time. Brewing kits come in either 2 gallon or 5 gallon batch sizes. I decided that if I'm going to go through the work of brewing, I wanted to brew 5 gallons of beer, not 2 gallons. 5 gallons is about the equivalent to 2 1/2 cases of beer. The Coopers Beer Kit is a 5 Gallon Kit. * Beer Bottles - Unless your going to keg your homebrew, you need to get bottles to put your beer in (duh). Most kits don't include bottles so that means you'd have to either buy beer with non-twist off caps or buy new glass bottles and purchase bottle caps and a caper. What I liked about the Coopers Beer Kit was it included resealable P.E.T. (basically food-grade plastic) bottles. I liked this because it was easy to use these bottles and it didn't require me saving bottles, buying a caper, buying caps, etc. * Flexibility - Just as with cooking, beer brewing has different levels of complexity. The more the complex the method you use, typically the better your beer will taste. What I found while doing my research was anything past extract brewing required equipment designed for 5 gallon batches. What this means is if you want to eventually grow into more complicated brewing methods like the "partial mash" method you have to have a 5 gallon kit. The Coopers beer brewing made sense to me because it allowed me to get into more advance methods of brewing beer. * Brewing Instructions - I know when I started brewing at home I was full of questions and was definitely afraid of messing up my first batch of beer. Although everybody can make mistakes, I felt a lot of comfort in the fact that the Coopers beer brewing kit came with a DVD that basically "holds your hand" through the entire process from sanitizing your equipment before you start, to bottling your beer properly. Needless to say I've been brewing my own beer at home for over 3 years now and have started using more complex methods and have even started making homemade wine in my Coopers beer brewing kit. I've been happy with my coopers kit from day one and I've enjoyed brewing beer and wine with it ever since.
Friday, March 25th, 2011
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Wednesday, March 23rd, 2011
9:35 am	Home Grown Hops For Home Brewed Beer Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/4082924 The hop plant (Humulus lupulus) has been cultivated for over 1500 years. Most people know of its use in flavoring Brewing equipments, but it can also be used as an ornamental plant for your landscaping. This article is written for those who will use it for both. The first order of business is to find the perfect spot to plant your rhizome. I recommend full sunlight for your plants. Hops can grow up to 20 feet in height when supported by a trellis but I opted to grow my hops up my backyard fence which is located next to my decking where I Beer Brewing. The hop rhizome can be planted either vertically or horizontally in a trench about 2 - 3 inches in depth. Surround the plant with a mound of soil to help direct water to the plant as you want to keep the rhizome moist until the first sprouts appear. After a few weeks you will want to train the plant on a trellis, I support my vines with some inexpensive wire fence screwed into my wood fence and I opted to weave my plants zigzag through my wire fencing in a 6ft by 6ft area. Most commercial growers will train 5 or 6 shoots on a trellis but I only train 2 at the most since I have limited space. Just cut back any unneeded shoots. Like most plants don't over water your hops. If you water on a regular time table you may be hurting your hop plants. Keeping the soil moist all the time encourages only the top roots to spread. For a healthy plant you need the deep roots to grow so only water when the top soil is drying out. But don't wait for the leaves to turn brown Micro brewing equipment or purple before you water just monitor the top soil. You will need to feed your hops on a regular schedule. I use an all purpose vegetable fertilizer that mixes with water. Despite your best efforts, hops may be savaged by disease or pests. Downy mildew is the most common disease. Avoid the hot, Mini brewing equipment moist conditions that favor spore germination. This is why I don't use sprinklers to water the plants. And I usually water early in the morning so the leaves can dry off. The most common pest is the hop aphid. It is a tiny, soft green pest that sucks the juices out of the plant. They should be controlled before the hops produce cones, because once they get into the cones a black mold grows on their secretions Home brewing equipment rendering the cones unusable. Ladybugs are a natural enemy of aphids and will help keep them under control. Insecticidal soaps and diatomaceous earth are used successfully to control aphids. As a last resort, commercial insecticides might be needed. Since hops are a hardy perennial once established they can be harvested for many years. And as a homebrewer this makes economical sense for me. And it adds a special touch using my own hops in my own beer. So why not enjoy both the looks and the uses of the amazing hop plant?
Friday, March 11th, 2011
2:22 pm	Getting Started Home Brewing Beer Before we started our adventures in home brewing beer, most of us had visions of shiny copper kettles and large wooden barrels taking up most of our kitchens bubbling and boiling as we brought to life our latest homebrew. I hope this doesn't disappoint you, but the reality isn't much like that at all. Mankind has moved beyond the use of copper and wood to make and store beer and now relies on aluminum, steel, and food grade plastics. And while the new equipment doesn't have the same cool look as the old, it is much easier to keep clean, doesn't take up nearly as much space, and produces a better home brewing experience. As you begin your homebrew adventures, don't lose sight of the fact that we all were beginners once and didn't have all the equipment we do now. I urge you not to feel compelled to go buy everything at once. Take your time and proceed at whatever pace is comfortable for you. Remember, homebrewing is supposed to be a fun and relaxing hobby. Don't turn it into an arms race where you always have to have bigger and better stuff. Having said that, where should you start? Not surprisingly, there is a minimum amount of stuff you will need to successfully brew beer. Many, if not most, homebrewing equipment shops offer starter brew kits that have all the basics needed to get started. These kits run the range from barely sufficient to absolutely top of the line. Prices begin under $100 and can go north of $400 pretty easily. These kits will all have the basic stuff needed and some of the more expensive will include books of recipes, instruction DVDs, and more which will drive up the price. One thing that many starter kits do not include is bottles to put your new homebrew in. And not just any bottles will do, you need the older style bottles whose caps do not screw on. Interestingly, most brew kits will include the bottle capping tool and the bottle caps. My advice is to start your search in your local phonebook under either "beer" or "hobbies". If you find a local shop, you have the opportunity to see what you will be purchasing and ask questions about what options you might have. If you don't have a local store, and many folks don't, then it's time to start the on line search. Even a quick Google search for "brew kits" returns something like a million results. Beer Brewing ,Brewing equipments , Micro brewing equipment , Mini brewing equipment , Home brewing equipment ,Copper brewing equipment ,Copper brewery service Take your time, make your choices depending on your individual budget, and don't overbuy stuff until you are more confident in what you need and, above all. HAVE FUN!
Wednesday, March 9th, 2011
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Wednesday, March 2nd, 2011
10:17 am	All About Deep Groove Ball Bearings A bearing is a device to allow constrained relative motion between two or more parts, typically rotation or linear movement. Bearings may be classified broadly according to the motions they allow and according to their principle of operation as well as by the directions of applied loads they can handle. There are many different types of bearings among which the ball bearing is rather common. They have various applications. They are commonly used in machinery industry and in wheels of vehicles like cars, buses and motorcycles. It is very important to maintain them. If the maintenance is done properly, the life span of these products will be maximized. Among all these different categories, the deep groove ball bearing is the most common one. The basic model of this product consists of an outer ring, an inner ring, steel balls and cages. The structure of these bearings is quite simple. It is very easy to use them. Moreover, it is a kind of product which has the largest production volume and wide range of applications. They are mainly used to bear radial load, meanwhile, they can also bear some axial load. When the radial internal clearance of bearing is enlarged, they will have features of angular contact ball bearings and they can bear larger axial load. Compared to other kinds of bearing products which have the same size with them, the deep groove ball bearings have smaller coefficient of friction and higher rotation speed. Besides, they can replace thrust ball bearings to support axial loads under very high rotation speed. When they are installed in the shaft, they can limit the axial displacement of the shaft or housing in both directions within the axial clearance. Therefore, they can make axial positioning in two directions. Additionally, this type of product has a certain ability of aligning. Most of their cages are steel stamping ribbon cages. 银球： Ball Bearing ,Ball Bearings , 608 bearing , Mini bearings , Mini ball bearings , The manufacturing costs of them are relatively low. In addition to basic models of deep groove ball bearings, there are still many others such as deep groove ball bearings with dust cover, or with a rubber seal ring and double row deep groove ball bearings, etc. There are many advantages of this kind of bearing products. Firstly, they are suitable for high speed and high rotation operation. Secondly, they are very durable even without regular maintenance. Thirdly, they have small friction coefficient and low costs of manufacturing. Fourthly, they have various sizes and models which can meet different requirements.
10:16 am	Investment Casting - History and Modern Process Applications Investment casting is one of the oldest forms of creating precision parts in metal. It is also known as the lost wax method. The process involves creating a wax pattern which is essentially a replica of the desired part in steel. The pattern is encased in a ceramic material and then removed or "lost" through the introduction of heat. The mold will then have molten steel poured into the opening. Once the mold is broken away from the solid steel, the casting is available for use. The history of this process dates back thousands of years. Originally bees wax was formed into the desired shape and then covered in clay. Metal was melted using bellows and coal fire. The process was used to form shapes such as idols, jewelry, and art. As time progressed, advancements were made in the precision of the materials and processes to the point where extremely predictable results could be achieved. Dentists were some of the first users of investment casting on a more industrial level, utilizing the process to create fillings to be used inside the mouths of patients. Advancements in the pattern making, wax, refractories, and melting equipment have resulted in processes that can hold extremely tight dimensional properties. Modern investment castings generally hold dimensions that are measured by a few thousandths of an inch per inch. This allows components to be made that often can be used directly from the manufacturer without subsequent machining. Worst cases allow the parts to be near net shape, which minimizes the amount of handling and processing to be completed on the casting. Users of these casting processes can also deploy the process to create parts that can be poured in thousands of different materials including steel, non-ferrous materials, duplex alloys, aluminum, iron, and more. Applications of investment casting have grown tremendously during modern times. Investment castings are used to create components in aerospace, transportation, material handling, pump and valve, food processing and more. Sculptures and original art also employ investment casting to create a metal version of an artist creation. Investment casting is also used to create medical implements and components used inside the human body. investment casting,investment castings , Metal Castings , Aluminum casting, Sand castings, The history of investment casting will continually be redefined through the advancement of materials employed in the process. Each passing year has shown that raw materials can be combined in such a manner that results in improvements of process and cost. Investment cast wax, ceramic, and alloys combined with improved equipment to produce castings on a high or low volume basis ensure that the process will be deployed well into the future.
10:14 am	Precision Investment Casting - Cast in More Than Just Stone, Cast in Metal! Investment casting is one of the oldest known metalworking processes in existence. Beginning more than 5,000 years ago as "lost wax investment casting" the historical process used bee's wax to form a pattern which was then used to create various components and products. Fast forward to today, thousands of years later and the science remains the same. However, investment casting foundries all over the world have introduced new innovations such as high-tech waxes, advanced refractory materials, and the many advances made possible by computers and computer aided design. Similar to the results of our ancient ancestors when they did it, casting provides unparalleled accuracy, repeatability, and quality -- this makes the investment casting of small parts and large parts in high quality alloys a fantastic alternative to other less precise fabricating methods. The Investment Casting Process: An Overview Design The investment casting process begins with a design. This can be a drawing or an existing prototype part. Mold Making The next step is mold making. From a drawing, design, or prototype the investment casting foundry produces an injection mold. This wax pattern injection mold is then machined using computer assisted design and/or computer aided manufacturing, a marriage of both ancient science and cutting edge technology. Wax Pattern Assembly Multiple wax pattern injection molds are assembled on a tree or "sprue" to form the full part. Coating In the next part of the process, a ceramic shell or prime slurry is applied to the tree or sprue, coating the wax assembly in a fine ceramic liquid. While the slurry is still wet, it is covered in a very fine sand and then allowed to dry before another slurry and more sand is applied. This is repeated until there are 6 or more layers of ceramic shell on the wax assembly Wax Removal Copper Castings, Aluminum Castings , Steel Castings , Casting Manufacturer , Steel Investment Casting , Aluminum Investment Casting Next in the process, the ceramic shells are prepared for the wax assembly to be removed from the inside. This is done with an autoclave, where the ceramic shells are put on a tray and the autoclave uses steam to melt the wax inside the mold. High Temp Burnout After wax is removed the ceramic shells are subjected to a high-temperature burnout to cure the ceramic molds. After this process they are prepared for preheating and casting. Metal Melting and Casting In this step of the precision investment casting process, high quality alloys are melted in lined furnaces. This step is absolutely critical to ensure the casting quality. Also in this part of the process, degassing and alloying are performed to ensure the melted metal's properties are optimal for pouring. This metal is then cast into the ceramic mold. Cooling After cooling, the metal casting takes the shape of what was once the wax pattern. Once the casting cools, the ceramic shell is removed with high powered water jets, leaving the casting foundry with a completed metal investment casting. Cut Off, Grinding, and Finishing Unwanted gates are then cut off with a saw and further removed by grinding. This is followed by de-burring and hand tooling, machining, and finishing resulting in a completed and finished casting. While this is one specific way investment casting is performed, there are also other methods of creating castings -- such as vacuum casting, which is typically used for Aluminum casting. Just as the ancient history of investment casting has seen the process through thousands of years of innovation, the technological advancements of the modern day and of casting foundries such as Alcumet Incorporated continue to prove that the process will always have a place in the manufacturing of new parts, components and products.
Monday, February 21st, 2011
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