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Tuesday, April 22nd, 2003
| Time |
Event |
| 6:46p |
hello world
hello world of blurty.com... this is my first live journal ever! isn't that cool. i never understrood live journals. why would random people on the internet want to read the random things i'm saying... i guess the internet is the stampin ground (great UK hardcore band) for bored people. GO DO SOMETHING WITH YOUR LIFE!! ha like i can talk. right now i'm writing a history term paper on French Imperialism in Morocco.. here ill put ALL 7 pages in my journal for all you who are interested... have fun reading and plagiarising (sp?)!! (ps my birthday is friday and im goin to surf and skate!!! www.skateandsurffestival.com)
French Imperialism in Morocco
Morocco… a country rich in natural resources, located on the northern coast of Africa, what better a place to colonize than this? The French saw Morocco as a perfect place to colonize. The French had already colonized neighbor countries Tunisia and Algeria, why not claim all of Northern Africa for themselves? The Germans also desired, as did the Spanish. For a long time Spain had a small part of Morocco, which they called Spanish Morocco, it was right on the coast, only the Gibraltar Strait separating it from its mother country Spain. This all changed when the French came in and tried to colonize Morocco. At the time, Sultan Moulay Abdelaziz did not want the French to colonize Morocco, but he had no way of fighting the powerful French army, so he argued with them (Guerard 366). After long debates, the French agreed to make Morocco a protectorate. A protectorate is where a stronger country forms a relationship of protection and partial control over an independent country. The Germans didn’t like this; they wanted Morocco for themselves, which lead to the First Moroccan Crisis of 1905 and the Second Moroccan Crisis of 1911 (Guerard 367).
During the “scramble for Africa,” only a few European countries really dominated the colonizing and those countries were France and England. The French had successfully colonized Tunisia, Algeria, French West Africa, French Equatorial Africa, French Somaliland and a few more small countries (Bury 201 - map). And by 1899 the only “important,” African country that wasn’t under European control was Morocco. The reason they wanted to colonize Morocco was very simple – they wanted a stronghold on Northern Africa. Morocco was the “final piece of the puzzle,” for the French in colonizing North Africa. Morocco also had abundant natural resources and was a great port country. However, anywhere the French colonized there were bound to be some resistance (Guerard 370). Although the resistance from small countries France was trying to colonize never became a real threat, it did symbolize the native people’s resentment for the French. In Morocco for example, all throughout the countryside there were small rebellions that were put down in a matter of hours by the powerful French army. Before the struggle for colonizing Morocco, France and Germany had always been “rivals.” The simple reason for this is because they were both very powerful countries, they bordered each other, and they both wanted complete control over any colony they could get their hands on. In the early twentieth century, the major European powers (France, Germany, England, Austria and Russia) formed two groups - the Triple Entente and the Double Alliance. The Triple Entente consisted of France, England and Russia. The Double Alliance was Germany and Austria. These groups came into play at the Algeciras Conference in 1906 (Algeciras is the southernmost city in Spain). The Algeciras Conference was an agreement between France and Germany to determine the status of Morocco (i.e. – who could control the ports, police etc.). Both the French and Germans wanted to make Casablanca a huge port and center for European influence, the native Moroccans detested this idea and were too smart to go without a protest (Bury 435). Desert people came into Casablanca and a violent dispute over the idea of making Casablanca a major port; the dispute was then settled at The Hague Court. They came to the conclusion that France and Germany would work together to benefit Morocco and its people. Germany called the conference because they wanted to embarrass the French by letting the world know that Morocco was an independent state and France’s colonization of it was illegal. However, the Algeciras Conference didn’t work out as Germany had planned. The outcome of the Algeciras Conference was that France was allowed to control the Moroccan police (in partnership with Spain) and also was allowed to control the customs and weapons supply of Morocco. Also, all the ports in Morocco were to be put under either French or Spanish rule (according to their respective zones). In the Algeciras Conference, France was supported by England, Spain, Italy, Russia and the United States, while Germany was supported by Austria-Hungary (Guerard 370).
The Germans main reason for going into Morocco was to break up the Entente. They wanted to do this because Russia, France and England together were too big of a power for Germany to handle. The Germans had a few colonies in Africa – Cameroons, German Southwest Africa and German East Africa – but not nearly as much as the French (Bury 201 - map). It would be easy to say that the Germans were jealous of France’s power in Africa and all over the world – which was probably true. Although the Germans were a superpower in Europe, and would soon try to take over all of Europe (which would lead to World War 1), they only had one strong ally – Austria-Hungary. The Algeciras Conference was a big humiliation for the Germans, and because of their “loss,” at the Conference, public opinion of the German regime dropped tremendously. If the only thing at stake at the Algeciras Conference was Morocco, it wouldn’t have been such a big deal. However, the Algeciras Conference was only a short-term solution to the Franco-German conflict. The British and French started having secret military meetings in the period before World War 1, and eventually the British would fight alongside the French against the Germans.
In 1911, there was a second Moroccan Crisis. This time it was because the French weren’t satisfied with only having partial control of Morocco. After 1906, the French increased their influence in Morocco and in 1908 they put a pro-French Sultan on the throne to make sure that the people of Morocco would like the French. They also sent troops to occupy the capital – Fez. They sent troops to Fez to stop the anti-French rallying that was going on there. The Germans did not like the French trying to take total control of Morocco and going against the Algeciras Conference. The Germans sent their gunboat the “Panther,” into the port of Agadir. The French and British feared that the Germans would make Agadir their naval base (Agadir was on the British naval route). War was almost unavoidable at this point. But, because of Britain’s support of the French, Germany gave in. This was exactly what the French wanted – they gained most of Morocco, giving the small portion of Gibraltar to Spain. The French gave the Germans a strip of land on the French Congo. The Agadir Crisis (or second Moroccan Crisis) disturbed the peace in Europe. Germany had suffered a defeat and was not about to suffer another one. The Entente leaders were now on the watch for the Germans. The French and the British came to an agreement that in event of a war, the British navy would guard the North Sea and the English Channel and the French navy would guard the Mediterranean Sea (Guerard 370).
Morocco is a country rich with culture and history that dates back to some of the earliest civilizations in the world. When the French occupied Morocco and tried to influence western culture upon the Moroccan people, they stood strong and retained their own culture. Morocco was a country where a confluence of Arabic, Jewish and Berber cultures co-existed in relative harmony. Until the early 1900’s, Morocco had always been an independent state and they hated the idea of foreign rule. The Europeans called them “warlike” people, but if the European powers could agree on colonizing Morocco, it would be the end of the independent Sheriffan Empire (Brogan 432). In the era of colonization for Morocco, they had two leaders. From, 1894-1908 it was Moulay Abdelaziz. Then from, 1908-1912 it was Moulay Abdelhafid, who was put in throne by the French. Morocco’s culture and own background was never affected by the French occupation of the country, which is an amazing thing considering that the French left Morocco in 1956 (Guerard 478).
The first time France tried to colonize Morocco; it was an independent state and therefore was determined illegal by the Germans. Because of this, Morocco became a protectorate (Guerard 376). However, before Morocco became a protectorate of the French, the Germans offered protection if the French tried to colonize, trying to win over the Moroccan people – which never worked. Because Morocco was rich in minerals and agriculture, both France and Germany coveted it greatly. After the Algeciras Conference, it was under France’s rule – much to the Germans dismay. In 1908, the French put Moulay Abdelhafid on the throne because he was pro-French (Guerard 377). Then in 1912 when the Sultan agreed to French protection, the French appointed General Louis H. G. Lyautey as resident general. Lyautey’s principles were based on gradualness and letting the country grow slowly and independently, his second principle was “a sincere and effective use of the protectorate,” (Guerard 399). Lyautey retired in 1925, before Morocco was brought to order in 1932. Throughout the period of French occupation in Morocco, there never were any rebellions, only a few small uprisings in the country that were put down peacefully. At the time of World War 1, the tribes in Morocco revolted against the Sultan (Guerard 399). They did this because they felt that the Sult an was an assistant to France and he was more French than Moroccan. However, when the protectorate was nearing to an end in the 1950’s, the sultan of Morocco – Mohammed ben Youssef was eager to get the French out. The French arranged for ben Youssef to meet with the leader of Tunisia – Habib Bourguiba and join them. Both ben Youssef and Bourguiba had come to acceptable bargains with the French “A federation of the Maghreb countries (Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria) in friendly co-operation with France would be an ideal way of breaking the deadlock.” (Guerard 483). This passage simply means that the Maghreb countries came to a peaceful deal with France to end the protectorates. Finally in 1956, Morocco was an independent state again. French Like Bourguiba in Tunisia, ben Youssef realized that the French were not the enemies, but that they helped his country tremendously, he wanted his people to westernize faster than the French could possibly do it (Guerard 486). Although ben Youssef wanted Morocco to become independent, he had great respect for the French, as did the French for Moroccan culture (Guerard 486).
Whenever a stronger, more powerful country covets a smaller, independent country, they almost always have their way. This is what imperialism is. From the mid 1800’s up until the 1950’s most of Africa was colonized by Europe. Europeans would enter a country, say they wanted it, and then draw random lines and call them borders. This meant that there could be a country whose occupants were three rival tribes, or one tribe could be in two countries. This shows how much the Europeans cared about the wellbeing of the native people. Although the colonization of Morocco was peaceful for the most part, it was obvious that the Sultan and the people of Morocco resented the French coming into their land and trying to shove their western culture down the throats of the natives. However, in Morocco it was quite different than any other country; the French weren’t the only ones trying to colonize it. The Germans and Spanish also desired Morocco greatly. This means that the Moroccan people not only had one foreign power trying to change their ways, but three of them! Although the Germans and Spanish didn’t last long in Morocco, the Moroccan people definitely did not like them. | | 6:50p |
hello world
hello world of blurty.com... this is my first live journal ever! isn't that cool. i never understrood live journals. why would random people on the internet want to read the random things i'm saying... i guess the internet is the stampin ground (great UK hardcore band) for bored people. GO DO SOMETHING WITH YOUR LIFE!! ha like i can talk. right now i'm writing a history term paper on French Imperialism in Morocco.. here ill put ALL 7 pages in my journal for all you who are interested... have fun reading and plagiarising (sp?)!! (ps my birthday is friday and im goin to surf and skate!!! www.skateandsurffestival.com)
French Imperialism in Morocco
Morocco… a country rich in natural resources, located on the northern coast of Africa, what better a place to colonize than this? The French saw Morocco as a perfect place to colonize. The French had already colonized neighbor countries Tunisia and Algeria, why not claim all of Northern Africa for themselves? The Germans also desired, as did the Spanish. For a long time Spain had a small part of Morocco, which they called Spanish Morocco, it was right on the coast, only the Gibraltar Strait separating it from its mother country Spain. This all changed when the French came in and tried to colonize Morocco. At the time, Sultan Moulay Abdelaziz did not want the French to colonize Morocco, but he had no way of fighting the powerful French army, so he argued with them (Guerard 366). After long debates, the French agreed to make Morocco a protectorate. A protectorate is where a stronger country forms a relationship of protection and partial control over an independent country. The Germans didn’t like this; they wanted Morocco for themselves, which lead to the First Moroccan Crisis of 1905 and the Second Moroccan Crisis of 1911 (Guerard 367).
During the “scramble for Africa,” only a few European countries really dominated the colonizing and those countries were France and England. The French had successfully colonized Tunisia, Algeria, French West Africa, French Equatorial Africa, French Somaliland and a few more small countries (Bury 201 - map). And by 1899 the only “important,” African country that wasn’t under European control was Morocco. The reason they wanted to colonize Morocco was very simple – they wanted a stronghold on Northern Africa. Morocco was the “final piece of the puzzle,” for the French in colonizing North Africa. Morocco also had abundant natural resources and was a great port country. However, anywhere the French colonized there were bound to be some resistance (Guerard 370). Although the resistance from small countries France was trying to colonize never became a real threat, it did symbolize the native people’s resentment for the French. In Morocco for example, all throughout the countryside there were small rebellions that were put down in a matter of hours by the powerful French army. Before the struggle for colonizing Morocco, France and Germany had always been “rivals.” The simple reason for this is because they were both very powerful countries, they bordered each other, and they both wanted complete control over any colony they could get their hands on. In the early twentieth century, the major European powers (France, Germany, England, Austria and Russia) formed two groups - the Triple Entente and the Double Alliance. The Triple Entente consisted of France, England and Russia. The Double Alliance was Germany and Austria. These groups came into play at the Algeciras Conference in 1906 (Algeciras is the southernmost city in Spain). The Algeciras Conference was an agreement between France and Germany to determine the status of Morocco (i.e. – who could control the ports, police etc.). Both the French and Germans wanted to make Casablanca a huge port and center for European influence, the native Moroccans detested this idea and were too smart to go without a protest (Bury 435). Desert people came into Casablanca and a violent dispute over the idea of making Casablanca a major port; the dispute was then settled at The Hague Court. They came to the conclusion that France and Germany would work together to benefit Morocco and its people. Germany called the conference because they wanted to embarrass the French by letting the world know that Morocco was an independent state and France’s colonization of it was illegal. However, the Algeciras Conference didn’t work out as Germany had planned. The outcome of the Algeciras Conference was that France was allowed to control the Moroccan police (in partnership with Spain) and also was allowed to control the customs and weapons supply of Morocco. Also, all the ports in Morocco were to be put under either French or Spanish rule (according to their respective zones). In the Algeciras Conference, France was supported by England, Spain, Italy, Russia and the United States, while Germany was supported by Austria-Hungary (Guerard 370).
The Germans main reason for going into Morocco was to break up the Entente. They wanted to do this because Russia, France and England together were too big of a power for Germany to handle. The Germans had a few colonies in Africa – Cameroons, German Southwest Africa and German East Africa – but not nearly as much as the French (Bury 201 - map). It would be easy to say that the Germans were jealous of France’s power in Africa and all over the world – which was probably true. Although the Germans were a superpower in Europe, and would soon try to take over all of Europe (which would lead to World War 1), they only had one strong ally – Austria-Hungary. The Algeciras Conference was a big humiliation for the Germans, and because of their “loss,” at the Conference, public opinion of the German regime dropped tremendously. If the only thing at stake at the Algeciras Conference was Morocco, it wouldn’t have been such a big deal. However, the Algeciras Conference was only a short-term solution to the Franco-German conflict. The British and French started having secret military meetings in the period before World War 1, and eventually the British would fight alongside the French against the Germans.
In 1911, there was a second Moroccan Crisis. This time it was because the French weren’t satisfied with only having partial control of Morocco. After 1906, the French increased their influence in Morocco and in 1908 they put a pro-French Sultan on the throne to make sure that the people of Morocco would like the French. They also sent troops to occupy the capital – Fez. They sent troops to Fez to stop the anti-French rallying that was going on there. The Germans did not like the French trying to take total control of Morocco and going against the Algeciras Conference. The Germans sent their gunboat the “Panther,” into the port of Agadir. The French and British feared that the Germans would make Agadir their naval base (Agadir was on the British naval route). War was almost unavoidable at this point. But, because of Britain’s support of the French, Germany gave in. This was exactly what the French wanted – they gained most of Morocco, giving the small portion of Gibraltar to Spain. The French gave the Germans a strip of land on the French Congo. The Agadir Crisis (or second Moroccan Crisis) disturbed the peace in Europe. Germany had suffered a defeat and was not about to suffer another one. The Entente leaders were now on the watch for the Germans. The French and the British came to an agreement that in event of a war, the British navy would guard the North Sea and the English Channel and the French navy would guard the Mediterranean Sea (Guerard 370).
Morocco is a country rich with culture and history that dates back to some of the earliest civilizations in the world. When the French occupied Morocco and tried to influence western culture upon the Moroccan people, they stood strong and retained their own culture. Morocco was a country where a confluence of Arabic, Jewish and Berber cultures co-existed in relative harmony. Until the early 1900’s, Morocco had always been an independent state and they hated the idea of foreign rule. The Europeans called them “warlike” people, but if the European powers could agree on colonizing Morocco, it would be the end of the independent Sheriffan Empire (Brogan 432). In the era of colonization for Morocco, they had two leaders. From, 1894-1908 it was Moulay Abdelaziz. Then from, 1908-1912 it was Moulay Abdelhafid, who was put in throne by the French. Morocco’s culture and own background was never affected by the French occupation of the country, which is an amazing thing considering that the French left Morocco in 1956 (Guerard 478).
The first time France tried to colonize Morocco; it was an independent state and therefore was determined illegal by the Germans. Because of this, Morocco became a protectorate (Guerard 376). However, before Morocco became a protectorate of the French, the Germans offered protection if the French tried to colonize, trying to win over the Moroccan people – which never worked. Because Morocco was rich in minerals and agriculture, both France and Germany coveted it greatly. After the Algeciras Conference, it was under France’s rule – much to the Germans dismay. In 1908, the French put Moulay Abdelhafid on the throne because he was pro-French (Guerard 377). Then in 1912 when the Sultan agreed to French protection, the French appointed General Louis H. G. Lyautey as resident general. Lyautey’s principles were based on gradualness and letting the country grow slowly and independently, his second principle was “a sincere and effective use of the protectorate,” (Guerard 399). Lyautey retired in 1925, before Morocco was brought to order in 1932. Throughout the period of French occupation in Morocco, there never were any rebellions, only a few small uprisings in the country that were put down peacefully. At the time of World War 1, the tribes in Morocco revolted against the Sultan (Guerard 399). They did this because they felt that the Sult an was an assistant to France and he was more French than Moroccan. However, when the protectorate was nearing to an end in the 1950’s, the sultan of Morocco – Mohammed ben Youssef was eager to get the French out. The French arranged for ben Youssef to meet with the leader of Tunisia – Habib Bourguiba and join them. Both ben Youssef and Bourguiba had come to acceptable bargains with the French “A federation of the Maghreb countries (Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria) in friendly co-operation with France would be an ideal way of breaking the deadlock.” (Guerard 483). This passage simply means that the Maghreb countries came to a peaceful deal with France to end the protectorates. Finally in 1956, Morocco was an independent state again. French Like Bourguiba in Tunisia, ben Youssef realized that the French were not the enemies, but that they helped his country tremendously, he wanted his people to westernize faster than the French could possibly do it (Guerard 486). Although ben Youssef wanted Morocco to become independent, he had great respect for the French, as did the French for Moroccan culture (Guerard 486).
Whenever a stronger, more powerful country covets a smaller, independent country, they almost always have their way. This is what imperialism is. From the mid 1800’s up until the 1950’s most of Africa was colonized by Europe. Europeans would enter a country, say they wanted it, and then draw random lines and call them borders. This meant that there could be a country whose occupants were three rival tribes, or one tribe could be in two countries. This shows how much the Europeans cared about the wellbeing of the native people. Although the colonization of Morocco was peaceful for the most part, it was obvious that the Sultan and the people of Morocco resented the French coming into their land and trying to shove their western culture down the throats of the natives. However, in Morocco it was quite different than any other country; the French weren’t the only ones trying to colonize it. The Germans and Spanish also desired Morocco greatly. This means that the Moroccan people not only had one foreign power trying to change their ways, but three of them! Although the Germans and Spanish didn’t last long in Morocco, the Moroccan people definitely did not like them. | | 7:06p |
whats up world? I'm Ian.. this is my first post ever on any live journal.i never got the idea of live journals... who the fuck wants to read random peoples posts? well i gueess if your bored like i am now. well im writing a history paper now on french imperialism in morocco.. fun stuff.. SURF AND SKATE THIS WEEKEND!!!!!!! www.skateandsurffestival.com
here's what im lisnin to on KAZAA today:
a long winter
AFI
alkaline trio
american nightmare
andrew wk
bane
bayside
bigwig
blindside
bouncing souls
boy sets fire
catch 22
haste
kylie minogue \m/
lars fredericksen and the bastards
nappy roots
snapcase
taking back sunday
thrice
...and you will know us by the trail of dead
your day strong
this is like the most emo playlist ive ever listened to.. haha
peace |
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