China Wind Energy Development of The country is a developing country, economic, energy and environment to realize the coordinated development of China's modernization is an important prerequisite for the goal. In the same energy is a big country, is also a big energy consumer, China's
wind energy development faces a low level of per capita energy consumption, serious pollution, low energy efficiency and renewable energy ratio of less. As a result, the adjustment of energy structure, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation of environmental pollution, strengthen energy security has become a hot national attention on the use of renewable energy, particularly wind energy development and utilization of highly attention. Wind energy is a clean renewable energy, wind power using wind energy is the main form of renewable energy is also present in the most mature technology, most large-scale development and commercialization of future generation of one of the ways.
February 2005 28 "People's Republic of China Renewable Energy Law" after the enactment of further renewable energy development strategy, and from the legal to include wind and other renewable energy development to provide a guarantee. In addition, the National Development and Reform Commission in the preparation of the "medium and long term Renewable Energy Development Plan (2004 ~ 2020)", put forward by the year 2020 I wind power units with a total installed capacity will reach 30,000,000 kilowatts. China's wind power development has encountered a very good opportunity, but there have been many new circumstances, how healthy and sustainable development of China's wind energy industry and technology we have become very concerned about the issue.
One. How sustainable development of the Chinese wind industry
Wind energy industry is a new promising high-tech industries. In 2020 China's total wind power installed capacity of 30,000,000 kilowatts to achieve the goals for wind power industry has provided a lot of space, but the wind energy industry is a risky industry, in order to the healthy and sustained development of the wind energy industry Need to consider the following issues.
1. Wind turbine manufacturing and machine parts manufacturing to the coordinated development
At present, many manufacturers of state-owned enterprises and some private enterprises have entered the wind power industry, according to incomplete statistics, more than more than 20, which is a "model assembly" wind turbine manufacturing machine, and a "matching model "Manufacture of wind turbine parts of the few. Some of the original manufacturer's parts and components manufacturing companies are ready to enter the whole line
Out. In addition, wind concession projects, the use of foreign
wind power unit must be 70% of the parts be produced locally and were therefore, the existence of complementary parts can not meet the requirements of the development of wind power. Wind turbine parts, such as blades, gear boxes, generators, control systems, plasma change the system, yaw system, its high technology, manufacturers will have a direct impact on the quality of wind turbine reliability, availability and Running costs. Therefore, it is necessary to attach great importance to wind turbine parts and components manufacturing enterprises at home and abroad, many of the professional wind turbine components business development experience told us that in the development of
wind energy industries, supporting parts business in a strong showing.
II. To establish a complete industrial system for wind energy
Wind energy industry is a highly integrated system. In the development of
wind energy,
wind generators industry to establish a complete system (the industry chain) is a very important part. At present, China's wind energy industry chain has not yet fully formed, particularly in wind energy service system is not perfect. Investors mainly focus on investment in wind turbine manufacturing and wind electric field construction, and design and consultation, transportation and installation, operation and maintenance, monitoring and certification, and other technical services industry has not yet fully formed climate, the impact of the wind energy industry Large-scale development.
III. To strengthen the management of product quality, improve product reliability
China's wind energy industry is still in its early stages, although at present has basically have 750 kilowatts and 600 kilowatts wind power unit of production capacity, but in the mass production of quality control issues need attention. In a number of prototype manufacturing enterprises can achieve a good performance, but when mass production, there are always problems of one kind or another, and sometimes a small parts failure will result in the wind power unit stopped operating. The main reason is in the process of production quality control is not good, the other for not doing enough to detect the product, and some products have not been certified. In the large-scale production, how to make products from the performance, reliability and price, users can receive enterprise development is an important goal. For wind turbine reliability is particularly important in bad weather conditions. 20 years of safe operation, not a set of scientific quality management system is incapable of doing it.
II. How to foster wind power market
At present, the development and utilization of wind energy is the main form of wind power, wind power through the layout of the wind power unit will be converted into kinetic energy of wind power and enter the power grid to provide users. As a result, wind power market will directly affect the development of wind energy. In order to nurture a healthy market, wind power, it is necessary to consider the following issues.
1. There must be a reasonable purchase price of wind power
The cost of wind power has been the development of wind energy in a constraints, the cost of wind power depends largely on the cost of wind power unit. Reduce costs and improve efficiency, increase in life expectancy has been the development of wind power unit pursued. With the wind power and wind power technology continues to progress the development of large-scale industries, the cost of wind power has been decreasing, from 1981 to l995, the world has the upper hand power costs 15.8 euro cents / unit of electricity dropped to 5.7 euro cents / Electricity, wind power is currently cost about 4 euro cents / kWh or so in the past five years, wind power costs have dropped by about 20%. If the price of conventional energy, taking into account as a result of pollution of the environment and the occurrence of the external costs, then the wind is the most competitive with conventional energy-cho, renewable energy.
"Renewable Energy Law" on renewable
wind energy electricity generation projects in the Internet provides a matter of principle, that is, by the State Council department in charge of prices based on different types of renewable energy power generation and the characteristics of different regions, in accordance with the promotion of renewable energy Development and use of economic principles to determine a reasonable and based on renewable energy development and utilization of technology in a timely manner to adjust.
In this year's National Development and Reform Commission issued the "renewable energy prices and cost-sharing management approach on a trial basis", further clarified the purchase price of wind power projects Zhidao Jia government, the electricity price by the standards of the State Council department in charge of price formation in accordance with the tender price Identified. In this regard, the wind energy industry worry that some of the wind concession tendering, the purchase price to the lowest tender man-made successful people, will tender price is too low, resulting in a loss of the project, the impact of wind farm construction.
Since 2003, the wind power concession on the day of China's wind energy development has played a positive role in the sword in 2005, has a total installed capacity of 1,500 megawatts of 10 projects to complete the tender plants. They, F are the successful bidder for the purchase price 0.4894 yuan / electricity. According to the estimates of experts, at present, China's wind power network L electricity year-on-year as the Internet equivalent of electricity for 2000 hours at full load calculation, 0.60 yuan / hours of electricity around in order to ensure that wind power projects to a high rate of return on investment In the conventional power generation projects, the average return on investment. As a result, China's wind power industry start-up phase, in order to encourage investors to enter the wind power market, to give wind power is higher than the average purchase price of conventional power is absolutely necessary, and this part of the higher price of sharing the power grid when it is not To determine l / electricity, enough to be acceptable. In addition, investors should also be long-term development of China's
wind energy point of view put forward a reasonable price, which is not only a rational approach in favor of wind power and wind electric field construction industry, but also conducive to the image of the investors. In addition to the bidding rules can also add something to ensure that the tender fair and reasonable and orderly manner, to those of the business interests of some at a loss, unreasonably low price for the successful practice should strive to give Certain constraints.
2. To solve the wind power grid problems
Large-scale development and utilization of wind energy, we must address the wind turbine and wind power unit, as well as network with the power grid interaction between the problem. The wind farm site selection depends largely on the merits and demerits of wind energy resources, a number of wind power are far from big cities, there are no major transmission lines through, such as Jilin Tongyu located in the vicinity of the wind farm to the nearest 220 kV transmission lines are 1 50 km in the other, for 1,000,000 kilowatt-class large-scale wind farm construction, the need for more powerful transmission lines to ensure that wind power can be transmitted to the electric load centers. To build a 500 kilovolt transmission line, the average 1 00 kilometers investment needs of about 350,000,000 yuan. According to preliminary statistics, to be completed in 2020 a total installed capacity of 30,000,000 kilowatts of goals, power grid needs to invest about 75 billion yuan. As a result, the planning should be building wind power grid construction planning at the same time, power grid companies have priority to buy wind power, they also have to bear the electricity transmission grid construction and obligations.
Is a power grid construction, on the other hand, with the increase in wind power capacity, when the wind power grid access on the grid quality power supply, such as voltage, flicker and harmonics, frequency and stability will have an impact, Therefore, it is necessary to the development of wind power and network standards in the planning and construction of wind power when the wind power unit to access each other's power grid after the impact of a feasibility analysis to determine the scientific wind electric field can access the capacity and power grid in order to ensure The quality of power supply, wind power should be taken.
3. To further develop wind energy resources survey and evaluation
Accurate wind resource assessment is to establish a stable wind power market, the sustained development of wind energy. China's wind energy resources in the observation and research work began in the 1970s, the China Meteorological Administration has the 1970s and 80s is not the end of the two country's wind energy resources to investigate the use of more than 900 of the National Meteorological Station of the measured Gives information on the country from the ground 10 meters high level of wind energy resources, China's wind power development has played an important role. In 2003 and launched the third national survey of wind power resources, use of more than 2000 of the National Meteorological Station nearly 30 years of observations, the results of the original amendment and re-calculated.
As the Chinese wind energy resource assessment of meteorological stations, the main advantage of 10-meter height of the wind measurement data, obtained by the distribution of wind energy resources can not fully meet the demand for wind power. Although the wind farm construction in the feasibility study carried out in the field of wind, but from year to build wind power generating capacity of the statistics, China's wind power at full capacity equivalent number of hours is generally an hour or so in 2000, Foreign lower than the average wind farm a few hours. In addition, some investors in wind power has not completely accurate assessment of wind energy resources under the premise of planning on building wind electric field, these are not conducive to the development of wind power. As a result, existing on the basis of the need to further develop wind energy resources survey and evaluation by the wind measurement data collation and numerical simulation of a combination, given 50 meters, 70 meters high and the l00-meter layer of wind energy resources , And wind energy resources in the region in accordance with national distribution, the nation's wind power construction plan proposed a more scientific basis. In addition, wind power as a result of the characteristics of space and wind power unit in bad weather conditions, therefore, it is necessary to carry out wind wind power short-term weather forecasts and wind electric field security services to protect the system, which is to ensure that the wind power unit to improve security and electricity supply Quality is very necessary.
2. The development of wind energy technology development roadmap
According to the wind energy development trends and its own national conditions and scientific development of wind energy technology road map is the world's advanced countries in the development of wind energy as a successful experience. The development of wind energy technology road map that contains wind energy technology development, technology development goals, as well as the appropriate way to the development of technical safeguards. In addition, for wind energy technology and industrial development, technology development in the road map should also wind key scientific problems and to analyze the key technical issues for the development of national planning and development of wind energy projects provide a scientific basis.
III. Wind energy technology innovation
Wind energy is a high-tech technology, which involves meteorology, aerodynamics, structural dynamics, computer technology, control technology, materials science, electrical and mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, environmental science and professional disciplines.
At present, China's wind energy development in technological innovation is still weak, there is a lack of core technologies with independent intellectual property rights, to a large extent but also to introduce advanced technology from abroad. Although the arrival of the knowledge economy era, all countries take full advantage of global resources, technology and international cooperation to narrow the gap and improve competitiveness. However, if there is no independent innovation ability, do not know what the introduction of advanced technology, not after the introduction of digestion and absorption, but this can not be based on a new, which is on the one hand; on the other hand, foreign core technology is introduced Not, and must rely on independent innovation to grasp core technology.
Foreign experience in the development of wind energy and wind energy development in domestic practice, we have to tell the completion of independent innovation, develop by leaps and bounds and we need to consider the following issues.
1. To the establishment of enterprises, market-oriented research combined with the technical innovation system operation
The establishment of technological innovation system is to establish the basis for innovative enterprises, innovative enterprises must have their own intellectual property rights, self-knowledge and continued brand innovation capability, in addition to relying on market competition in their own efforts, the country should give major support and guidance. Several proposals could be better in the wind power business machine parts and pilot enterprises, its R & D, research and development, R & D funding, research and development projects, patent applications, products, brands, capacity-building in areas such as evaluation and assessment of the specific Requirements and quantitative indicators. The establishment of the innovation system, we should pay special attention to strengthening the industry, academia, research joint through the integration of resources, joint innovation, market share and reasonable arrangements for intellectual property rights, so that enterprises, research institutions and universities complement each other and common development . In addition, the Institute, associations and chambers of commerce also can give full play to the role.
3. Construction of public technical service platform
To make full use of domestic resources, construction of
die cating or
aluminum die casting public technical service platform for the promotion of technological innovation capability of enterprises is very important. Public services technology platform is an important direction of the capacity-building, including technical standards, technical information, technical data, equipment instruments, software, technical advice, technical training, and so on, by enterprises, research institutes, institutions of higher learning, including the State Key Laboratory And the National Engineering Research Center, a joint together on the integration of resources, sharing, improve and enhance, through the establishment of mechanisms for sharing and management step by step process to achieve efficient use of resources, on the basis of the establishment of wind energy technology in public services Platform, the establishment of a national wind energy research and development center, testing center, certification center, information center and training center.
4. Wind speed up the professional and technical training
The competitive talent is the key to competitiveness, business-class talent and not the best team there can be no independent innovation. Although our work in the field of wind energy in the number of people a lot, but the lack of professional and technical personnel, in particular the lack of good overall skills. At present, a number of institutions of higher learning have been set up wind power or wind energy professionals professional direction of the wind to open undergraduate and postgraduate training courses, this is a good start, in addition to training schools, businesses should be training on the strategic position And establish an incentive mechanism and to create a good environment, in practice, to establish a high-quality professional and technical personnel.